HEX·DEC·OCT·BIN integrated calculator

These controls live in the Advanced section (expanded by default). Each button also has its own short description.

• 32–128 Bit width. ROL/ROR, popcount, parity, and byte-swap apply within this unsigned bit span.
• ROL / ROR Rotate left/right by one bit inside the selected width; bits wrap around.
• Pop Popcount — number of 1 bits after masking to the width.
• Par XOR parity — fold all bits with XOR; result is 0 or 1.
• BSwap Byte endian swap — reverse byte order inside the width (width must be a multiple of 8).
• x² / √ / |x| Integer square, floor square root (non-negative only), absolute value.
• GCD / LCM Greatest common divisor / least common multiple. Chain like other binary ops.
• ModPow Modular exponentiation: base → ModPow → exponent → ModPow → m → ModPow for (base^exp mod m).
• Paste Parse clipboard text in the active radix into the entry. 0x prefix is allowed in HEX.